How
Much Is "Too Much" Support?
by
James P. Reape
It has been a long
time since a case has been critical of the amount of support calculated
by the trial court. Marriage of Schulze was decided December 29,
1997. Michael Schulze appealed a trial court order that he pay
eighty-three percent of his after-tax monthly income for non-allocated
family support. Family support is a blended child and spousal
support intended to be completely tax deductible by the paying
spouse and tax includable by the receiving spouse. The net affect
of many family support orders is an increase in the net spendable
income in both households.
The Appellate Court
reversed the trial court's decision. The Appellate Court felt the
trial court made a number of errors in calculating the support.
First, the Appellate Court noted that temporary, or pendente life
support, is intended to maintain the status quo that existed prior
to the divorce. Spousal support on a permanent basis, however, is
significantly different than temporary support, and should not be
calculated by determining an appropriate temporary support order.
The pertinent facts
of the case are as follows:
Michael worked for his parents in a corporation they owned during
the late 1980's and early 1990's. He regularly earned in excess
of $100,000.00 a year. The year prior to the separation, Michael's
earnings exceeded $160,000.00. His yearly average for the four years
prior to separation was $133,000.00. Shortly after the separation,
Michael's parents distributed forty nine percent of the company
stock to their three children and consequently reduced Michael's
salary to approximately $80,000.00 per year.
Upon calculating support,
the trial judge used Michael's pre-tax monthly income of $6,628.00
and added $1,100.00 to Michael's income (the $600,00 difference
between the fair rental value and the actual rent paid on a condominium
Michael's mother purchased for him to live in, and $500.00 per month
for Michael's use of a 1989 Mercedes company car). Based on these
assumptions the DissoMaster(TM
) program calculated monthly support of $3,627.00 ($2,713.00 for
child support and $914.00 for spousal support). DissoMaster(TM)
then proposed total family support of $4,778.00, suggesting Michael's
tax liability would decrease. The court agreed and ordered Michael
to pay $4,780.00.
The Appellate Court
was critical of using temporary support guidelines to establish
permanent support orders. The court stated there are different legal
bases for the two kinds of support, and further stated:
"In light
of the different legal purposes for each kind of support order
and the reality that temporary support will tend to be higher
than permanent support, Marriage of Olsen, (citation omitted)
specifically warned against using temporary spousal support
guidelines in a computer program assigned the task of determining
permanent support."
The Court of Appeal
was also critical of inclusion of the rental value of the company
care and housing as non-taxable income. The court stated since Michael
worked for his parents, these benefits were given to him arguably
as further employment benefits and, therefore, if considered, they
should be considered as additional taxable income. The court avoided
dealing with the more difficult issue of continuing gifts from parents
to adult children who themselves have their own support obligations.
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